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PHILOSOPHY OF MIND eJOURNAL
Vol. 16, No. 18: May 31, 2023
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PHILOSOPHY OF MIND eJOURNAL

"Galilean Resonances: The Role of Experiment in Turing's Construction of Machine Intelligence" Free Download

BERNARDO GON&CCEDIL;ALVES, University of São Paulo
Email: bgoncalves1@gmail.com

In 1950, Alan Turing proposed his iconic imitation game, calling it a `test,' an `experiment,' and the `the only really satisfactory support' for his view that machines can think. Following Turing's rhetoric, the `Turing test' has been widely received as a kind of crucial experiment to determine the existence of an intelligent machine. In later sources, however, Turing showed a milder attitude towards what he called his `imitation tests.' Moreover, in 1948 Turing had referred to the persuasive power of scientific and technological progress (`the actual production of machines') rather than that of a controlled experiment. Observing that a close reading of the primary sources may reveal a more complex role for experiment in Turing's philosophy of science, this article proposes to distinguish the logical structure of the Turing test argument from its rhetoric. I argue that Turing's proposal of a crucial experiment was probably a concession to meet the standards of his interlocutors more than his own. Instead, it can be seen in Turing's construction of machine intelligence, a method of successive idealizations and exploratory experiments. I will draw a parallel with Galileo's construction of idealized fall in a void and the historiographical controversies over the role of experiment in Galilean science. I suggest that Turing, comparably with Galileo, relied on certain kinds of experiment, but also on rhetoric and propaganda, apparently recognizing the need to inspire further research that could lead to convincing scientific and technological progress.

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Philosophy of Mind eJournal

JULIA ELIZABETH ANNAS
Regents Professor of Philosophy, University of Arizona

DAVID CHALMERS
Professor of Philosophy, ARC Federation Fellow, Director - Center for Consciousness, Australian National University

MAUDEMARIE CLARK
Carleton Professor of Philosophy, Colgate University

CHRISTINE M. KORSGAARD
Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy, Harvard University

ALAN SIMMONS
Commonwealth Professor of Philosophy and Professor of Law, University of Virginia

ELLIOTT R. SOBER
Hans Reichenbach Professor of Philosophy and William F. Vilas Research Professor, University of Wisconsin

ERNEST SOSA
Professor of Philosophy, Rutgers University

BRIAN WEATHERSON
Associate Professor of Philosophy, Cornell University

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